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यहाँ ऐतिहासिक दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण तकनीकी खोजों की समय के सापेक्ष सूची दी गयी है।
अनुक्रम
१
Paleolithic Era
२
10th millennium BC
३
9th millennium BC
४
8th millennium BC
५
7th millennium BC
६
6th millennium BC
७
5th millennium BC
८
4th millennium BC
९
3rd millennium BC
१०
2nd millennium BC
११
1st millennium BC
१२
1st millennium CE
१३
2nd millennium
१३.१
11th century
१३.२
12th century
१३.३
13th century
१३.४
14th century
१३.५
15th century
१३.६
16th century
१३.७
17th century
१३.८
18th century
१३.९
19th century
१३.९.१
1800s
१३.९.२
1810s
१३.९.३
1820s
१३.९.४
1830s
१३.९.५
1840s
१३.९.६
1850s
१३.९.७
1860s
१३.९.८
1870s
१३.९.९
1880s
१३.९.१०
1890s
१३.१०
20th century
१३.१०.१
1900s
१३.१०.२
1910s
१३.१०.३
1920s
१३.१०.४
1930s
१३.१०.५
1940s
१३.१०.६
1950s
१३.१०.७
1960s
१३.१०.८
1970s
१३.१०.९
1980s
१३.१०.१०
1990s
१४
तृतीय सहस्राब्दी
१४.१
इक्कीसवीं शताब्दी
१४.१.१
2000
१५
इन्हें भी देखें
१६
सन्दर्भ
१७
वाह्य सूत्र
[
संपादित करें
]
Paleolithic Era
Indeterminate:
Music
,
Language
2.4
Ma
BP
:
Olduwan
- struck
stone tools
, in
East Africa
1.65 Ma:
Acheulean
- struck and reworked
stone tools
, in
Kenya
1.4 Ma:
Knife
in
Ethiopia
1 Ma: Controlled
fire
and
sterilization
of food and water (
cooking
) in
East Africa
500 ka:
Shelter
construction
[1]
100-500 ka:
Clothing
400 ka:
Pigments
in
Zambia
[2]
400 ka:
Spears
in
Germany
[3]
200 ka:
Burial
in Africa
100 ka:
Lithic blades
in Africa and the
Near East
60 ka:
Ships
probably used by settlers of
New Guinea
50 ka:
Flute
in
Slovenia
50 ka:
Bow
in
Tunisia
[4]
[5]
43 ka:
Mining
in
Swaziland
and
Hungary
37 ka:
Tally sticks
in
Swaziland
[6]
30 ka:
Sewing needles
26 ka:
Ceramics
in
Moravia
25 ka:
Atlatl
in
Northwest Africa
[7]
17 ka: twisted
Rope
(probably much earlier)
12 ka:
Basket weaving
[
संपादित करें
]
10th millennium BC
Agriculture
in the
Fertile Crescent
Alcoholic beverages
in the
Fertile Crescent
Adobe
in the
Near East
9500 BC:
Granary
in the
Jordan Valley
[
संपादित करें
]
9th millennium BC
8700 BC:
Metalworking
(
copper
pendant) in
Mesopotamia
(
Iraq
)
8000 BC:
Wall
(
Jericho
)
[
संपादित करें
]
8th millennium BC
Animal husbandry
in the
Near East
Plaster
in
Jericho
[
संपादित करें
]
7th millennium BC
7000 BC:
Bow drill
in
Mehrgarh
(
India
)/(
Pakistan
)
[१]
7000 BC:
Dental surgery
in
Mehrgarh
[१]
6200 BC:
Map
in
Çatalhöyük
Cloth
woven from
flax
fiber
[
संपादित करें
]
6th millennium BC
Irrigation
in the
Fertile Crescent
Ploughs
in
Mesopotamia
(
Iraq
)
City
in
Mesopotamia
(
Iraq
)
[
संपादित करें
]
5th millennium BC
Beer
and
bread
in
Egypt
Wheel and axle combination
in
Mesopotamia
[
संपादित करें
]
4th millennium BC
4000 BC
:
Canal
in
Mesopotamia
4000 BC
:
Stone
paved
street
Ur
Iraq
3807/3806 BC
:
Timber Engineered roadway
in
England
3500 BC
:
Plywood
in
Egypt
3500 BC:
Writing
in
Sumer
3500 BC:
Carts
in
Sumer
3100 BC
:
Drainage
in the
Indus Valley Civilization
(
India
/
Pakistan
)
3000 BC
: Sailing
Bronze
:
Susa
(
Iran
)
Silk
in
China
Cement
in
Egypt
River
boats
in
Egypt
Noodle
in
China
Comb
in
Persia
(these combs were very refined, so combs themselves are probably older)
[
संपादित करें
]
3rd millennium BC
2800 BC
:
Button
in the
Indus Valley Civilization
2800 BC:
Soap
in
Mesopotamia
2630
-
2611 BC
:
Step pyramid
:
Imhotep
in
Egypt
2600s BC
:
Papyrus
:
Imhotep
in
Egypt
2600s BC:
Suture
:
Imhotep
in
Egypt
2600s BC:
Pharmaceutical cream
:
Imhotep
in
Egypt
2600 BC
:
Chariot
in
Mesopotamia
2600 BC: Artificial
sewage system
in the
Indus Valley Civilization
2600 BC:
Toilet
in the
Indus Valley Civilization
2500 BC
:
Flush toilet
in the
Indus Valley Civilization
2500 BC:
Arch
in
Mohenjo-daro
(
Indus Valley Civilization
)
[२]
2400 BC
:
Shipyard
in
Lothal
(
Indus Valley Civilization
)
2000 BC
:
Currency
Dagger
in
Near East
Sickle-sword
in
Sumer
Alphabet
in
Phoenicia
Candles
in
Egypt
Sledges
in
Scandinavia
[
संपादित करें
]
2nd millennium BC
Perfume
:
Tapputi
in
Mesopotamia
Bronze Age sword
in
Mesopotamia
Glass
in
Egypt
Rubber
in
Mesoamerica
Spoked-wheel chariot
:
Indo-Iranians
Water clock
in
Egypt
Bells
in
China
1000s BC
:
Coins
in
China
[
संपादित करें
]
1st millennium BC
Catapult
in
Near East
South Pointing Chariot
in
China
Differential gear
in
China
and Greek island of
Antikythera
Stupa
in
India
Blowgun
in
India
[३]
Iron
pellet
in
India
[३]
500s BC
:
Sugar
in
India
500s BC
:
Dental bridge
in
Etruria
500s BC
:
Kite
in
China
500s BC
:
Trebuchet
in
China
475 BC
:
Scythed Chariot
:
Ajatashatru
in
India
500s BC
:
Plastic surgery
:
Sushruta
in
India
500s BC
:
Cosmetic surgery
:
Sushruta
in
India
400s BC
:
Football
: in
China
350 BC
:
Water wheel
in
India
[४]
350 BC
:
Watermill
in
India
[४]
c.
300
:
Wootz steel
in
India
300s BC
:
Compass
in
China
300s BC
:
Screw
:
Archytas
200s BC
: Compound
pulley
:
Archimedes
200s BC
:
Odometer
:
Archimedes
?
150s BC
:
Clockwork
(
Antikythera mechanism
)
150s BC
:
Astrolabe
:
Hipparchus
in
Asia Minor
100s BC
:
Big-toe
stirrup
in
India
[५]
100s BC
:
Parchment
in
Pergamon
1st century BC
:
Glassblowing
in
Syria
1st century BC
:
Trip hammer
in
China
40 BC
:
Rolling-element bearing
in
Roman
ship
Chaturaji
in
India
Chaturanga
in
India
Xiangqi
in
China
[
संपादित करें
]
1st millennium
CE
50
: Mouldboard
plough
in
Gaul
100s
:
Aeolipile
:
Egypt
by
Hero of Alexandria
105
:
Paper
:
Cai Lun
in
China
[६]
132
: Rudimentary
Seismometer
:
Zhang Heng
in
China
200s
:
Kongming lantern
(
Hot air balloon
) in
China
200s:
Horseshoes
in
Germany
300s
:
Toothpaste
in
Egypt
400s
:
Horse collar
in
China
500
-
1000
:
Spinning wheel
in
India
[७]
589
:
Toilet paper
in
China
673
:
Greek fire
:
Kallinikos
of
Heliopolis
700
:
Quill pen
700s
:
Brass
astrolabe
:
Muhammad al-Fazari
[८]
721
-
815
:
Alembic
:
Geber
in
Iraq
[९]
721-815:
Still
:
Geber
721-815:
Distilled
alcohol
:
Geber
[९]
721-815:
Distilled
wine
:
Geber
[९]
721-815:
Distilled beverage
:
Geber
725
: Clockwork
escapement
mechanism:
Yi Xing
of
China
800
-
873
:
Valve
:
Banū Mūsā
in
Iraq
[१०]
800-873:
Float valve
:
Banū Mūsā
[१०]
800-873:
Feedback controller
:
Banū Mūsā
[१०]
800-873:
Automatic
flute
player:
Banū Mūsā
[११]
800-873:
Programmable
machine
:
Banū Mūsā
[११]
810
-
887
:
Glass
from
stones
:
Abbas Ibn Firnas
in
al-Andalus
810-887:
Eye glasses
:
Abbas Ibn Firnas
[१२]
810-887:
Metronome
:
Abbas Ibn Firnas
852
:
Parachute
:
Abbas Ibn Firnas
in
al-Andalus
875
:
Hang glider
:
Abbas Ibn Firnas
c.
865
-
900
:
Kerosene
:
Al-Razi
(Rhazes) in
Iraq
[१२]
c. 865-900:
Kerosene lamp
:
Al-Razi
865
-
925
:
Hard soap
:
Al-Razi
[१३]
800s
:
Injection
syringe
:
Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili
in
Iraq
[१२]
800s
:
Quadrant
in
Iraq
[१४]
800s
:
Windmill
in
Persia
[१५]
800s
:
Gunpowder
in
China
900s
:
Banknote
in China
953
:
Fountain pen
in
Egypt
[१६]
994
:
Astronomical sextant
:
Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
in
Persia
[१७]
Coffee
:
Khalid
in
Ethiopia
Fore-and-aft rig
in
India
[१८]
Lateen
in
India
[१८]
Porcelain
in
China
Woodblock printing
in
China
Prayer wheel
:
Tibet
[१९]
Shatranj
in
Persia
Paned window
in the
Arab Empire
[२०]
Street lamp
in the
Arab Empire
[२०]
Retort
in the
Arab Empire
Sherbet
in the
Arab Empire
Soft drink
in the
Arab Empire
Mercury
escapement
mechanism in the
Middle East
[
संपादित करें
]
2nd millennium
[
संपादित करें
]
11th century
c.
1000
:
Pendulum
:
Ibn Yunus
in
Egypt
[२१]
1000
:
Ligature
:
Abu al-Qasim
(Abulcasis) in
al-Andalus
1000:
Forceps
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२२]
1000:
Plaster
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२३]
1000:
Curette
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२४]
1000:
Retractor
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२४]
1000:
Scalpel
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२४]
1000:
Sound
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२४]
1000:
Surgical needle
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२५]
1000:
Surgical
catgut
:
Abu al-Qasim
1000: Surgical
hook
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२४]
1000: Surgical
rod
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२४]
1000: Surgical
spoon
:
Abu al-Qasim
[२४]
c.
1000
-
1037
:
Thermometer
:
Avicenna
(Ibn Sina) in
Persia
[२६]
c. 1000-1037:
Steam distillation
:
Avicenna
c. 1000-1037:
Essential oil
:
Avicenna
c.
1000
-
1048
:
Orthographical
astrolabe
:
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
in
Persia
[२७]
c. 1000-1048:
Planisphere
:
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
[२७]
c. 1000-1048:
Laboratory flask
:
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
[२८]
c. 1000-1048:
Pycnometer
:
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
[२८]
c. 1000-1048:
Conical measure
:
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
[२९]
1011
-
1021
:
Parabolic mirror
:
Ibn al-Haytham
(Alhacen) in
Iraq
1011-1021:
Pinhole camera
:
Ibn al-Haytham
[३०]
1011-1021:
Camera obscura
:
Ibn al-Haytham
[३०]
1028
-
1087
:
Equatorium
:
Arzachel
(Al-Zarqali) in
al-Andalus
[३१]
1028-1087:
Saphaea
:
Arzachel
1038
-
1075
:
Noria
with
flywheel
:
Ibn Bassal
in
al-Andalus
[३२]
1041
:
Movable type
printing press
:
Bi Sheng
in